Mayelana Nomuthi

Izinkinga zokulala: ukuqwasha, ukuphefumula kokulala, nokuningi

Umlobi: Louise Ward
Usuku Lokudalwa: 9 Ufebhuwari 2021
Ukuvuselela Usuku: 19 Udisemba 2022
Izinkinga zokulala: ukuqwasha, ukuphefumula kokulala, nokuningi - Mayelana Nomuthi
Izinkinga zokulala: ukuqwasha, ukuphefumula kokulala, nokuningi - Mayelana Nomuthi

-Delile

Ziyini izinkinga zokulala?

Izinkinga zokulala yizimo ezithinta amandla omuntu okuthola ukulala okuvamile okuphumuzayo. Izimbangela zalezi zimo ziyahlukahluka, kusukela emikhubeni abantu abathuthukisa ngaphambi kokulala kuya ezinkingeni eziningi zezokwelapha eziphazamisa umjikelezo wokulala ojwayelekile. Uma uthola ukuthi awuzizwa uphumule ngemuva kokuvuka ekuseni, kungenzeka ukuthi ubonane nodokotela wakho ukuze abone ukuthi unenkinga yokulala yini. Izinkinga zokulala zingaba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yomuntu jikelele.


Kungani ukulala kubalulekile?

Ukungalali kungasongela impilo! Isibonelo, izingozi zemoto, izinkinga zomuntu, ukungasebenzi kahle komsebenzi, ukulimala, izinkinga zememori, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwemizwelo kuxhumene nokungalali kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukuqwasha kungenzeka kube nomthelela esifundweni senhliziyo, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nesifo sikashukela.

Izimpawu zokuqwasha

Izimpawu zokuphazamiseka kokulala ziyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lokuphazamiseka kokulala. Izimpawu zingahluka kusuka kumnene kuya kokubi futhi imvamisa kufaka phakathi eyodwa noma eziningi zalezi zimpawu ezilandelayo: i-hypersomnia (ukulala ngokweqile emini), ukuqwasha (kwehle ukusebenza kahle kokulala ngesikhathi sokulala okungazinzile nokuvuka kaningi ebusuku), ukuhewula okukhulu, kanye / noma ikhefu elifushane lokuphefumula (izikhathi ezimbalwa zokuphefumula), ukunyakaza kwemilenze noma isifiso sokuhambisa imilenze yakho ebusuku, ukuhamba ngokulala noma ukwesaba ebusuku (amaphupho amabi).


Umjikelezo wokulala

Umjikelezo wokulala ojwayelekile unemikhakha emibili emikhulu eyaziwa njenge-REM ne-non-REM. I-REM imele ukunyakaza kweso okusheshayo. Ukulala kwe-REM kubonakala ngokuphumula kwemisipha, ukuphupha, ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo, kanye namagagasi e-amplitude aphansi ku-EEG (encephalograph). Ukulala kwe-non-REM kwehlukaniswe ngamazinga amane, kusuka ebuthongweni obuncane (izinga 1) kuya ezingeni IV (delta noma ukulala okujulile). Ukulala kwe-non-REM kwakha cishe i-75% yesikhathi sokulala esijwayelekile, ngenkathi i-REM yenza ama-25% asele futhi imvamisa kungenzeka ukuthi yenzeke ekuseni. Izinkinga zokulala ziphazamisa le mizila yokulala.

Ngidinga ukulala okungakanani

Izidingo zesikhathi sokulala zabantu zihlukile, nezikhathi zokulala ziyahluka phakathi kwezingane nabantu abadala.



umuntu omdala

Abanye abantu abadala bangahluka ngezidingo zabo zokulala kusuka emahoreni ayisihlanu kuye kwayishumi ubusuku ngabunye. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisile ukuthi iningi labantu abadala abajwayelekile lichitha isilinganiso samahora ayi-7 kuye kwayi-8 ebusuku.


Abancane

Ngokuvamile, lapho umuntu esemncane, udinga ukulala ngokwengeziwe. Isibonelo, intsha idinga ukulala cishe amahora ayisishiyagalolunye, kanti izingane zidinga cishe amahora ayi-16 ubusuku ngabunye.

Kuyini ukuqwasha?

Ukuqwasha ukungakwazi ukufaka noma ukugcina ukulala. Iningi labantu empilweni yabo lizoba nobunzima bokulala ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, uma umuntu enenkinga yokulala njalo noma ngokuqhubekayo, lo muntu angahlangabezana nokuqwasha. Abantu abanokuqwasha banenkinga yokulala, kwesinye isikhathi amahora, futhi bangavuka ekuseni kakhulu noma bavuke kaninginingi ubusuku bonke. Ukuqwasha kubhekwa njengesifo esivame kakhulu ukulala e-United States. Ngokuya ngocwaningo, ama-95% aseMelika abike ukuqwasha ngesikhathi esithile empilweni yabo.

Izimbangela Zokuqwasha: Ukulala Inhlanzeko

Inhlanzeko yokungalali kahle ibhekisela emikhubeni emibi ethinta ikhono lomuntu lokulala. Isibonelo, ukuphuza ikhofi noma ezinye iziphuzo ezine-caffeine kusihlwa, ukubhema, ukudla ukudla okunzima ebusuku, ukulala ukhanyise izibani kanye / noma ukushiya i-TV ivuliwe, noma ukusebenzisa umakhalekhukhwini, ikhompyutha noma ithebhulethi ngaphambi kokulala, kubi imikhuba noma inhlanzeko yokungalali kahle kungaholela ku-Imbangela yokuqwasha.

Izimbangela Zokuqwasha: Impilo Yengqondo

Inhlanzeko yokungalali kahle ayiyona ukuphela kwembangela yokuqwasha. Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ezinjengokudangala, ukukhathazeka, kanye nengcindezi (isb., Ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwenhlekelele, ukulahlekelwa ngumlingani, noma izinkinga zezezimali) nakho kungaholela ekuqwashisweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwelapha ezinye zalezi zinkinga zempilo yengqondo zingadala noma zenze izinkinga zokulala zibe zimbi kakhulu. Xoxa nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nokulala ocabanga ukuthi zibangelwa yimithi nodokotela wakho.

Isizathu sokuqwasha: izimo zezokwelapha

Ukuqwasha kuvame ukuxhunyaniswa nezinye izimo zezokwelapha. Lezi zinkinga zivame ukuphazamisa umjikelezo ojwayelekile wokulala. Ezinye zezimo ezijwayelekile zibhalwe ngokulandelayo:

  • ubuhlungu obungapheli
  • I-COPD
  • isifuba somoya
  • I-apnea yokulala
  • Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo
  • isifo samathambo
  • Izinkinga ze-thyroid
  • izinkinga zemizwa (isifo sohlangothi, isifo i-Alzheimer's, isifo sikaParkinson)
  • ukudana
  • Izinkinga ze-endocrine

Izimbangela Zokuqwasha: Ukukhulelwa, Ukunqamuka Kwesikhathi, Nokuguga

Ezinye izimbangela ezijwayelekile zokuqwasha zibandakanya ukukhulelwa, ukuya esikhathini, nokuguga (bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala), konke lokhu okungabangelwa yihomoni nezinye izinguquko kumakhemikhali omzimba. Ngokwengeziwe, abasebenzi beShifti bangaba nezinkinga njengoba umjikelezo wabo wokulala uphazamiseka ngenxa yesimiso sabo somsebenzi esingajwayelekile. Ingxenye yesizathu esenza ukuqwasha kukhule yingoba amawashi ethu angaphakathi, alawula isikhathi sosuku lapho kwenziwa ama-hormone, asetha kabusha. Isikhathi seminye imisebenzi ejwayelekile yomzimba njengokuchama, ukunyakaza kwamathumbu, nokuvezwa ukukhanya nobumnyama nakho kuyashintsha ngenxa yezinguquko zesheduli.

Kuyini ukuphelelwa umoya kokulala?

I-apnea yokulala yisifo esidala ukuthi umuntu ayeke ukuphefumula ngenkathi elele. Ukuphumula ekuphefumuleni kungaba yimizuzwana embalwa noma ngaphezulu, kubangele ukuthi umzimba usuke ekulaleni okungekho kwe-REM isigaba IV uye esigabeni esilula engilalayo. ngezikhathi ezithile isiguli singavuka. Lokhu kuphazamiseka okuningi emjikelezweni ojwayelekile wokulala kungaholela ekuqwashisweni nasekulaleni kwasemini. Abantu abaningi banayo le nkinga kepha abayazi.


Izimpawu zokulala zokulala

Izimpawu zokuphefumula kokulala zivame ukuqashelwa ngumlingani wesiguli. Izimpawu zifaka ukuhogela, ukuhlaba ikhefu ekuphefumuleni, okuvame ukulandelwa ukushaywa umoya noma ukuhogela, kanye nokozela ngezikhathi zasemini.


Ukwelashwa kwe-apnea yokulala

I-apnea yokulala ingelashwa ngezindlela eziningi.

  • Izinguquko zokuphila (ukwehlisa isisindo, ukugwema utshwala, ukulala ngohlangothi lwakho kunokuba ulale emhlane, uyeke ukubhema)
  • Okomlomo (okokusebenza komlomo)
  • Izinsiza zokuphefumula (CPAP)
  • ukuhlinzwa

Ngubani othola ukuphefumula kokulala?

Izingozi ezivame kakhulu zokuphefumula ubuthongo ukukhuluphala, iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-65 ubudala, amadoda, amaSpanishi, ama-Afrika-aseMelika nabantu abavela ePacific. Abantu ababhemayo, abasebenzisa utshwala, okokuqeda ukuthula, kanye / noma abenza izidambisi, nalabo abanesiminyaminya samakhala, abanezinkinga zenhliziyo, unhlangothi, noma izicubu zobuchopho nabo basengozini enkulu yokuphefumula ubuthongo. Ngesinye isikhathi, abantu abane-airway evinjiwe (isb., Amathoni akhulisiwe noma imigwaqo yomoya emincane) nabo basengozini yokuthola ukuphefumula kokulala.

Yini i-Restless Legs Syndrome?

Okunye ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu yezinzwa, iRestless Leg Syndrome (RLS), kungaholela ekuqwashisweni futhi kuthathwe njengokuphazamiseka kokulala. Kuyisifo sohlelo lwezinzwa oluthinta imilenze ngokwakha izifiso ezingejwayelekile zokuzihambisa. Ngeshwa, lezi zinkanuko zibonakala zivame kakhulu ebusuku futhi ziholela ekuqwashisweni.


Yini ebangela ukungahlaliseki kwemilenze?

Imbangela yesifo somlenze ongazinzi ezimweni eziningi ayaziwa, yize izakhi zofuzo zingadlala indima. Izinga eliphansi lensimbi ebuchosheni nalo lingaholela emlenzeni ongaphumuli.


Izimpawu Zesifo Semilenze Esingabuyiseki

  • Imilenze izizwa ingakhululekile, ikakhulukazi lapho ilele phansi, okwenza umuntu abone isidingo sokuyinyakazisa. Imizwa efanayo ingazwakala ezandleni, esiqwini noma ekhanda.
  • Le mizwa ingaphazamisa ukulala.
  • I-RLS ivame ukuba yimbi kakhulu ebusuku.
  • Imvamisa yalezi ziqephu incike ebucayi becala

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Syndrome Yemilenze Engaphumule

  • Hambisa umlenze othintekile
  • Phatha izimo ezihlobene (isb., I-peripheral neuropathy, isifo sikashukela)
  • Shintsha indlela yokuphila (yeka ukubhema, yehlisa i-caffeine notshwala, thatha izengezo zensimbi, uzivocavoca ngokulingene, ugeze ngamanzi ashisayo)
  • Imithi (izakhi zofuzo ze-dopamine, i-gabapentin-enacarbil, i-benzodiazepines, ama-opioid, ama-anticonvulsants)

Yini i-narcolepsy?

I-narcolepsy yisifo sezinzwa esibangela ukulala ngokweqile emini. Ezinye iziguli zithola izikhathi zokulala ezingalawuleki nganoma yiluphi uhlobo lomsebenzi.


Izimpawu ze-narcolepsy

  • Ukulala ngokweqile emini
  • I-Cataplexy (ukulahleka okungazelelwe kwetoni yemisipha)
  • Ukusangana
  • Ukulala ukukhubazeka (ukungakwazi ukuhamba noma ukukhuluma okwesikhashana ngenkathi ulele noma uvuka) kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa kuya emizuzwini eminingana, ngemuva kwalokho umuntu alulame ngokuphelele.

Ukwelashwa kwe-narcolepsy

  • Izinguquko zendlela yokuphila (ukwenza inhlanzeko ehle yokulala, ukuvimbela i-caffeine, ugwayi, notshwala, ukuzivocavoca umzimba, ukuthola ukukhanya kwelanga, ukulala kancane, ukugcina uhlu lwezinto okufanele zenziwe, nokuhlala uhlelekile)
  • Imithi (izikhuthazi, imishanguzo yokucindezela, i-sodium oxibate)

Ukulala ngezinyawo (somnambulism)

Ukulala, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-somnambulism, kuyinkinga yokuziphatha eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokulala okujulile futhi ibangele ukuthi umuntu ahambe noma enze isimilo esiyinkimbinkimbi ngenkathi esalele. Ukulala ngezinyawo kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni kunabantu abadala futhi kuvame kakhulu kubantu abalele ubuthongo. Umuntu angaba nzima ukuvuka, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi akhumbule ukuhamba ngesikhathi sokulala lapho evuka.


Izimbangela Zokuhamba Ukulala

  • ukungalali kahle
  • Isheduli yokulala enesiphithiphithi
  • ukucindezeleka
  • ukudakwa
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ethile efana ne-sedative-hypnotics, neuroleptics, stimulants, and antihistamines

Ukwelashwa kokulala

  • Imithi (ProSom, Klonopin, Trazodone)
  • Ukuphumula namasu wezithombe zengqondo
  • Ukuvuka okulindelwe (imvamisa umuntu uvuka ngaphambi nje kokulala)

Isihift sokulala sokuphazamiseka kokulala

Izinkinga zokulala zomsebenzi weShift zivame ukuthinta abantu abasebenza amahora angajwayelekile, imvamisa phakathi kuka-10: 00 PM no-10: 00 PM. nango-6 ekuseni. Cishe amaphesenti angama-20 wabasebenzi baseMelika aqashwe ngamahora angajwayelekile, okusho ukuthi isheduli eyodwa kwezinhlanu zomsebenzi waseMelika inamandla okuphazamisa isigqi semvelo semizimba yabo.


Izimpawu zeshift work sleep disorder

Ukuqwasha nokulala ngokweqile kuvame kakhulu ukuqwasha lapho kusebenza amashifu. Ukuphazamiseka kokulala ngenkathi usebenza amashifu nakho kungenza kube nzima ukugxila.


Ukwelashwa kokugula kokugula kokugula

  • Gcina idayari yokulala
  • Nciphisa inani lokushintshana ebusuku okulandelanayo
  • Gwema ukusebenza amahora amaningi
  • Gwema ukuhamba amabanga amade
  • Gwema izinguquko zokushintsha njalo
  • Uma ungasebenzi, ulala njengoba udinga
  • Zama ukuthatha isihlwathi ngesikhathi sokushintsha ebusuku
  • Kungadingeka amaphilisi okulala

Ukwelashwa kokuqwasha: idayari yokulala

Idayari yokulala ingakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nithole ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezinkinga zenu zokulala. Ungasiza udokotela wakho uma unamathela emikhubeni yakho amasonto ayi-1 kuya kwangu-2 ngaphambi kokubona udokotela wakho. Ngaphandle kwalokho, udokotela wakho angakucela ukuthi ugcine idayari yokulala ngaphambi kokuhambela kwakho okulandelayo.

Idayari yokulala ingasiza ukubhala phansi izinkinga ezingaba khona empilweni yakho ezivimbela ukulala noma zibangele ukuqwasha. Idayari yokulala ingaqukatha amaphuzu alandelayo: ulala nini, ulala nini, uvuka nini, uvuka kangaki ebusuku, udla nini i-caffeine noma utshwala, futhi ini? Uyadla uphuze ngaphambi kokulala, izinselelo ezingokomzwelo kanye / noma izingcindezi, futhi ekugcineni uhlu lwemithi yakho.

Ukuxilongwa Kokuphazamiseka Kokulala: Isifundo Sokulala

Ukuhlonza ukuphazamiseka kokulala kuvame ukuqala lapho udokotela wakho enza ukuhlolwa komzimba, umlando wezinkinga zakho zokulala nokubuyekezwa kwezinto ezingaba yingozi, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwedayari yakho yokulala (uma ikhona). Udokotela wakho angabe esakudlulisela emtholampilo wokulala ukuze uthole izivivinyo ezengeziwe ezibizwa ngokuthi "isifundo sokulala" noma i-polysomnogram. Lolu cwaningo luvame ukwenzeka ngobusuku obubodwa bese kuthathwa ukunyakaza kwamehlo esiguli, ukuphefumula, ukusebenza kobuchopho, nezinye izilinganiso.Imiphumela ingabonisa ukuphazamiseka okufana nokuphefumula ubuthongo noma ezinye izinkinga ezihlobene nokulala.

Ukwelashwa kokuphazamiseka kokulala

Ukwelashwa kwesifo sokulala kuncike embangela. I-narcolepsy ne-restless syndrome yomlenze ingalashwa ngokushintshwa kwendlela yokuphila kanye nemithi kadokotela. Ngokufanayo kuya ngokuqwasha. Kodwa-ke, ukuqwasha kungadinga izinguquko zendlela yokuphila kuphela. I-Sleepwalking ayinayo indlela ethile yokwelashwa ngaphandle kokushintsha kwendlela yokuphila njengokuhlanzeka okuhle kokulala - ezinye iziguli ziphendula i-hypnosis.


Izinsiza zokuphefumula

Kungasetshenziswa imishini yokuphefumula (i-CPAP) ukusiza ukugcina imigwaqo yakho yomoya ivulekile ebusuku ukuze ukwazi ukuphumula uma une-apnea yokulala.


I-Biofeedback

I-Biofeedback yindlela esetshenziselwa ukuqeqesha ingqondo ukuthi ikwazi kakhulu futhi ilawule ukucindezeleka kwayo. Ikhompiyutha ihlola ukushaya kwenhliziyo nezinye izinkomba zokuxineka, kanye nezimpawu zokubuyisa, ukuze umuntu azi ngokwengeziwe amazinga abo okucindezeleka. Le ndlela ingasiza ekwelapheni ukuqwasha okuhlobene nokukhathazeka, ukuphefumula kokulala, noma ezinye izinkinga zokulala.

Izinkinga zokulala ezinganeni

Izinkinga zokulala zithinta izingane nentsha. Ngisho nezinsana zingaba nenkinga yokulala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinkinga zokulala noma ukulala, ukuphefumula ukulala, ukulala, ukugula okungahambi kahle komlenze, nokulala ngokweqile.


Izinkinga zokulala ezinganeni: izimbangela

Njengoba kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuphazamiseka kokulala ezinganeni, izimbangela zazo ziyahlukahluka. Ukucindezeleka kungadala amaphupho amabi angaholela ezethusayo ebusuku. Ukumanzisa umbhede kungadalwa wumlando womndeni wokukhama embhedeni, ukungalawulwa kahle kwesinye, noma ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Ukuqwasha ezinganeni kungadalwa yingcindezi, ubuhlungu, noma ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.


Inkinga yokulala ezinganeni: ukwelashwa

Njengezimbangela zokuqwasha ezinganeni, izindlela zokwelapha zalezi zinkinga ziyahlukahluka. Imikhuba emihle yokulala, ukunciphisa isikhathi sesikrini ngaphambi kokulala, ukubeka izindlela eziqinile zokulala nezikhathi zokuvuka, nokwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izingane zithola ukuzivocavoca okuningi kungasiza ezinkingeni eziningi zokulala ebuntwaneni njenge-legless syndrome.

Indlela Yokulala Ngcono: Ukuzivocavoca

Ukuzivocavoca njalo kungenye ingxenye yohlelo oluhle lokuhlanzeka kokulala. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha izikhathi zosuku ozilolonga ngazo. Ukuzivocavoca ntambama kuzokwenza kube lula kuwe ukuthi ulale ubuthongo. Kodwa-ke, uma uzivocavoca amahora ambalwa (cishe amahora amabili kuya kwayi-4) ngaphambi kokulala, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukulala kahle ebusuku. Abantu abazivocavoca njalo ngokuvamile banezifo eziphansi kanye nengozi yokuqwasha.

Ungalala Kanjani Kakuhle: Ukudla Okufanele Kukugwebe

Ukudla nokuphuza kungenye yezindlela zokulala kahle. Ukudla okufanele kukugwebe kufaka phakathi okuqukethe i-caffeine (ikhofi, itiye, nama-sodas), amadina asindayo (amanani amakhulu), ukudla okubabayo nokuphuza utshwala. Utshwala bungadala ukuthi abanye abantu bayozele, kepha bungaholela ekuvukeni kusenesikhathi ebusuku.

Ungalala Kanjani Kakuhle: Ukudla Okusizayo

Ukudla okusiza ukufeza inhlanzeko enhle yokulala kunamanani anele ama-carbohydrate ayinkimbinkimbi namaprotheni esidlweni sakusihlwa. Ukudla okuncane noma okulingene kufanele kudliwe kusihlwa, okungcono amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokulala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okusanhlamvu okunobisi noma ama-cracker ambalwa noshizi kungasiza. Ezinye izazi zokudla zincoma ukuthi ungadli lutho okungenani ihora ngaphambi kokulala.

Indlela Yokulala Kakhulu: Nciphisa ubuchwepheshe ngaphambi kokulala

Esinye isici sokuhlanzeka kahle kokulala ukunciphisa inani lezinto ezingenza ucabange noma wenze ngaphambi nje kokulala. Mhlawumbe esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ithelevishini yasebusuku kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlelo zingakhuphula ukuqapha kwengqondo noma zikwenze ucabange ngezihloko. Izimo ezifanayo zenzeka ezinganeni ezidlala imidlalo yevidiyo ngaphambi kokulala noma kwentsha kanye / noma kubantu abadala abasebenzisa amakhompyutha, omakhalekhukhwini, noma amaphilisi.

Inhlanzeko enhle yokulala iphakamisa ukuthi wehlisa ukukhuthazeka kobuchopho njengoba ulungiselela ukulala. Abaphenyi bokulala basikisela ukuthi uyeke ukusebenzisa ithelevishini, imidlalo yevidiyo, noma i-inthanethi cishe ihora ngaphambi kokulala. abanye basikisela ukuthi abantu kufanele balungiselele ukulala ngokufunda nokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwethelevishini noma amakhompyutha egumbini lokulala.

Ungalala kanjani kangcono: amasiko okulala

Ungathatha izinyathelo ezinhle ukusiza ukusungula imikhuba emihle yenhlanzeko yokulala. Isibonelo, ungakwazi "ukulahla" ileveli yakho yomsebenzi cishe ihora ngaphambi kokulala ngokugeza okufudumele, ukufunda, noma ukwenza amasu okuphumula e-biofeedback. Kuhle ukuhlanzeka kokulala ukusungula ukulala okuvamile kanye nezikhathi zokuvusa ukuthonya amakhemikhali omzimba wakho ukuze izikhathi zokulala nezokuvuka kulindeleke ukuthi zibe yizikhathi ezijwayelekile.

Ukulandela izinyathelo zokuphepha zokulala kahle kungasiza ekunciphiseni noma nasekuxazululeni ezinye izinkinga zokulala.

I-Athikili Yangaphambilini

Thayipha isifo sikashukela esingu-1, thayipha i-2 sikashukela siyanda ezinganeni nasebusheni e-US

Isihloko Esilandelayo

I-Mitotane (Lysodren)

Ukushicilelwa Okusha

Ukushicilelwa Okudumile

Mayelana Nomuthi

Izidakamizwa zingasindisa izimpilo zezisulu zengozi

Ucwaningo lukhombi a umuthi ongabizi kakhulu obizwa nge-TXA ungelapha abantu abaphethwe ukophaJuni 14, 2010 - Impilo yezi ulu zabahlukumezekile ezingama-70,000 kuya ku-100 000 emhlabeni wonke ibinga i...
Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva kokubeletha: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, nokuningi ezithombeni
 Mayelana Nomuthi

Ukucindezeleka Kwangemva kokubeletha: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, nokuningi ezithombeni

Le i yi ifo emizwelo e ithinta abanye be ifazane ngemuva kokukhulelwa nokubeletha. Owe ifazane o anda kubeletha angaba nokwe aba, ukudabuka okujulile, nokukhathala ngemuva kwalokho. Izimpawu zingaba n...