Zamkati
- Kodi Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba (Achinyamata) ndi otani?
- Zizindikiro zachilendo za ludzu
- Zizindikiro zowonda
- Mavuto akhungu
- Zizindikiro zina zowopsa
- Zizindikiro za Ketoacidosis
- Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mtundu woyamba ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga?
- Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi chiyani?
- Ndani amadwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba?
- Type 1 matenda a shuga
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumaopsa
- Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi
- Kuwunikira magazi mosalekeza (CGM)
- Insulini inawombera mankhwala
- Kodi insulin imachita chiyani?
- Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin
- Kusokonezeka kwa insulini
- Chithandizo cha pampu ya insulini
- Kuyeza kwa magazi m'magazi
- Kuika kwa pancreatic islet cell
- Lembani 1 shuga ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
- Lembani 1 shuga ndi zakudya
- Mtundu 1 shuga ndi mimba
- Matenda a achinyamata
- Type 1 chithandizo cha matenda ashuga: Pancreas yokumba
- Zowonjezera zokhudza matenda ashuga
Kodi Matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba (Achinyamata) ndi otani?
Mtundu woyamba wa shuga ndiwanthawi yayitali womwe umayamba kuyambira ali mwana koma umatha kukhudza achikulire (azaka 30 mpaka 40 zakubadwa). Mu mtundu wa shuga woyamba, kapamba amapanga insulin yochepa kwambiri. Insulin imathandiza maselo m'thupi kusintha shuga kukhala mphamvu. Pamene kapamba sangatulutse insulini yokwanira, shuga imayamba kukhazikika m'magazi, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto owopsa. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ayenera kutenga mtundu wina wa insulini kwa moyo wawo wonse.
Zizindikiro zachilendo za ludzu
Ludzu losazolowereka ndichizindikiro chodziwika bwino cha mtundu wa 1 shuga. Matendawa amachititsa impso kuchotsa shuga wambiri m'magazi pochotsa madzi ambiri. Madzi amachotsedwa ndi kukodza, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa madzi, ndipo kutayika kumakupangitsani kumwa madzi ambiri.
Zizindikiro zowonda
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amakhala ndi kuchepa thupi mosazindikira komanso chidwi chowonjezeka pamene shuga m'magazi amakhalabe okwera ndipo thupi limaphwanya mafuta kuti apeze mphamvu. Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kake ka glucose kumathandizanso kuti wodwalayo azikhala wopanda mphamvu komanso kugona kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukodza kwambiri kumathandizanso kuti muchepetse thupi chifukwa thupi limasiya ma calories ambiri mkodzo.
Mavuto akhungu
Kusokonezeka kwa kagayidwe kabwino ka shuga mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda amtundu wa 1 kumayambitsa kusintha kwa khungu. Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a bakiteriya ndi mafangasi. Magazi oyenda pakhungu amathanso kuchitika. Odwala matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 nthawi zambiri amatenga matenda a fungus omwe amayambitsidwa ndi yisiti Candida albicans. Matenda ofala yisiti amaphatikizapo phazi la wothamanga, matenda a yisiti m'mayi mwa amayi, jock itch, zipere, ndi zotupa za ana. Kutupa kwa thewera komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi yisiti Candida albicans kumatha kufalikira mbali zina za thupi monga m'mimba ndi miyendo.
Zizindikiro zina zowopsa
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga omwe sanalandire chithandizo amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zowopsa monga kusawona bwino, kufooka kapena kumenyedwa kumapeto (makamaka mapazi), kutaya chidziwitso, kutopa, kupuma mwa zipatso, pakamwa pouma, ndi chikomokere cha ashuga. Mosiyana ndi shuga wambiri wamagazi, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 nthawi zina amatha kukhala ndi shuga wotsika magazi (hypoglycemia) shuga atatsika mwadzidzidzi.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1, chikomokere, kukomoka kwa matenda ashuga, ndipo nthawi zina hypoglycemia ndi zoopsa zamankhwala. Anthu ena omwe sanazindikiridwe mwina sangakhale ndi zizindikiro zochenjeza, komabe amatha kukhala ndi matenda ashuga kapena hypoglycemia.
Zizindikiro za Ketoacidosis
Vuto la mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga ndikuti maselo amunthuyu amachotsedwa shuga yemwe amafunikira mphamvu. Popanda insulini yopangidwa ndi kapamba, ndizovuta kuti shuga ilowe m'maselo amthupi. Zotsatira zake, maselo amthupi amayamba kuwotcha mafuta kuti apange mphamvu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma ketoni azikhala m'magazi. Izi zidulo zimatha kusintha pH yamagazi ndikupangitsa chikomokere pangozi. Izi zimadziwika kuti matenda ashuga ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis ndi vuto lazachipatala lomwe nthawi zambiri limafunikira chithandizo mwachangu kuchipatala. Zizindikiro za matenda ashuga ketoacidosis ndi monga:
- Yotuluka, yotentha, youma khungu
- Masomphenya olakwika
- Kumva ludzu komanso kukodza kwambiri
- kugona
- Kuthamanga, kupuma kwakukulu
- Fungo lobiriwira la mpweya
- Kutaya njala, kupweteka m'mimba, ndi kusanza
- chisokonezo
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa mtundu woyamba ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa shuga?
Mtundu wa 1 shuga nthawi zambiri umayamba muubwana kapena uchikulire, pomwe mtundu wa 2 shuga umayamba ukakula. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba, chitetezo chamthupi chimagwetsa ndikuwononga maselo opangira insulini (maselo a beta). Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2, kapamba sizimenyedwa ndipo nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa insulin. Komabe, odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 sangathe kugwiritsa ntchito insulin yomwe ilipo pazifukwa zingapo.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 2 amatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zofananira ndi anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, koma anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba amakhala ndi zizindikilo mwachangu. Matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 sangathe kupewedwa, koma mtundu wa 2 wa matenda ashuga amatha kupewedwa kapena kuchedwetsedwa kudzera m'moyo wathanzi.
Kodi chimayambitsa matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ndi chiyani?
Chitetezo cha mthupi chikawononga maselo a beta mbali ina ya kapamba, mtundu wa 1 wa shuga umayamba. Maselo a Beta m'matumbo amapanga insulin. Ochita kafukufuku sakudziwa chifukwa chake chitetezo chamthupi cha munthu chimapha maselo omwe amapanga insulin. Komabe, ofufuza ndi azachipatala akuwonetsa kuti kutengeka kwa majini komanso zinthu zachilengedwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba.
Asayansi apeza zigawo za majini ndi majini zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo chokhala ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba. Komabe, sizinthu zokha zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa. Ofufuzawo akuti zomwe zimayambitsa zachilengedwe monga matenda a virus kapena zomwe zimakhudzana ndi zakudya kapena zokhudzana ndi mimba zitha kuthandizanso pakukula kwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga.
Ndani amadwala matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba?
Ngakhale kuti matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amatha kukula msinkhu uliwonse, pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu mwa atatu aliwonse omwe amapezeka ndi anthu osakwana zaka 19. Ofufuza apeza kawiri kawiri pachimake pakukula kwa mtundu woyamba wa matenda ashuga. Choyamba chimachitika adakali aang'ono ndipo chachiwiri chimachitika munthu akatha msinkhu. Mtundu wa 1 shuga umakhudza amuna ndi akazi mofananamo ndipo umapezeka kwambiri ku Caucasus kuposa mitundu ina. Mbiri ya banja yamtundu wa 1 shuga imawonjezeranso mwayi wanu wokhala ndi matenda ashuga amtundu woyamba.
Type 1 matenda a shuga
Mayeso osavuta amwazi amatha kuwonetsa shuga wosakhazikika m'magazi. Ngati munthu ali ndi zizindikiro zilizonse zosonyeza kuti ali ndi matenda a shuga, kuyezetsa magazi kopanda kanthu kapena kuyezetsa magazi nthawi ndi nthawi ndiye gawo loyamba pakupezeka matendawa. Kuyesedwa kwa hemoglobin A1c kumatha kuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi m'miyezi iwiri kapena itatu yapitayo. Nthawi zambiri, mayesowa amabwerezedwa masiku osachepera awiri. Mayesero ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuyesa kulolerana ndi shuga kapena kuyesa kwa ma antibodies ena m'magazi.
Kuthamanga kwa magazi kumaopsa
Mtundu wa 1 shuga umawononga mitsempha ndipo imawapangitsa kukhala olimba (atherosclerosis), omwe angayambitse kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso mavuto ena amtima. Tsoka ilo, popita nthawi, kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuwononga ziwalo m'thupi. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha masomphenya, matenda amtima, sitiroko, impso kulephera, chiseyeye, kutaya mano, komanso kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha (makamaka m'manja ndi kumapazi). Ziwalo zina zitha kuwonongeka.
Kuwunika kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, zovuta zomwe zingawononge ziwalo zitha kupewedwa kapena kuchepetsedwa poyang'anira magawo awo a shuga m'magazi. Izi zimachitika pobowola chala chako ndikupaka kadontho ka magazi pamayeso. Mzerewo amauika pa chowunika chomwe chimawerenga kuchuluka kwa shuga.Kuyang'anitsitsa kwa milingo ya shuga kumathandiza wodwalayo kuti azitha kuyika shuga m'magazi ake ndi mankhwalawa pomwe shuga ali wokwera kapena kumeza shuga akatsika. Ngati munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amatha kusunga shuga m'magazi pafupipafupi kapena pafupi, magulu azovuta amachepetsedwa ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso mavuto ochepa okhudzana ndi matenda ashuga.
Kuwunikira magazi mosalekeza (CGM)
Chida china chomwe chimayeza shuga chimatchedwa njira yowunika shuga (CGM). Njirayi imakhala ndi kachipangizo kakang'ono pansi pa khungu kuti muwone kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi. Imatumiza izi kuma foni yayikulu yomwe imalemba sikelo ya glucose pafupifupi mphindi zisanu zilizonse kwa maola pafupifupi 72. CGM tsopano yavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwakanthawi kwa odwala ena okhala ndi mitundu yomwe imazimitsa infusions ya insulin pakayamba kuchuluka kwa shuga.
Insulini inawombera mankhwala
Aliyense amene ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba ayenera kumwa insulini kuti thupi lake lizitha kupanga shuga m'magazi. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amatenga insulin mu jekeseni ndipo amafunikira jakisoni angapo tsiku lililonse. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya insulini.
- Insulini yogwira ntchito mwachangu imayamba kugwira ntchito mphindi zochepa ndipo imatenga maola ochepa.
- Insulini yokhazikika kapena yayifupi imatenga pafupifupi mphindi 30 kuti igwire ntchito ndipo imatenga maola 3-6.
- Insulini yochita pakatikati imatenga maola 2-4 kuti igwire ntchito ndipo imatha mpaka maola 18.
- Insulini yayitali imatha kugwira ntchito tsiku lonse.
Insulini itha kubayidwa ndi singano ndi jakisoni, katiriji, kapena cholembera chodzaza kale. Kupuma insulini, mapampu a insulini, ndi chida chogwiritsira ntchito insulini chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito. Mukabaya insulin m'thupi lanu, malo abwino oti mupite ndi m'mimba mwanu, koma mikono, ntchafu, ndi matako amathandizanso.
Kodi insulin imachita chiyani?
Insulin ndi timadzi timene timapezeka m'matenda omwe amalola shuga kulowa m'maselo. Insulin imachepetsanso kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi. Popanda insulini, shuga sungalowe m'maselo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo omwe amapanga minofu ndi ziwalo zina sangathe kuthandizira mphamvu zawo zazikulu. Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 ali ndi shuga m'magazi awo, zomwe zimabweretsa zoopsa pamoyo wawo.
Zotsatira zoyipa za insulin
- Shuga wamagazi ochepa
- mutu
- Zizindikiro ngati chimfine
- Kulemera kunenepa nthawi yoyamba mukamagwiritsa ntchito insulini
- Ziphuphu, zipsera, kapena zotupa pamalo obayira
Kusokonezeka kwa insulini
Ngakhale insulin ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri othandiza anthu odwala matenda ashuga, ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala. Ngati munthu atenga insulini wambiri, shuga m'magazi amatha kutsikira pamavuto owopsa. Izi zimadziwika kuti yankho la insulin (shuga wotsika magazi kuchokera ku insulin wochulukirapo).
Kuchuluka kwa insulini kumatha kuyambitsa matenda ofatsa, ochepa, kapena owopsa, kutengera kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi m'magazi. Zizindikiro zina za shuga wotsika magazi zimaphatikizapo kutopa, kuyasamula kwambiri, kusokonezeka pang'ono, kuchepa kwa mgwirizano, thukuta, kugwedezeka kwa minofu, ndi khungu lotumbululuka. Zizindikirozi zikamakulirakulira, kugwidwa, kutaya chidziwitso, ngakhale kufa kumatha kuchitika.
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga, makamaka mtundu wa 1 wa matenda ashuga, amalangizidwa kuti azinyamula ma gramu 15 azakudya zam'madzi zothamanga nthawi zonse. Zakudya zothamanga ndi zakudya kapena zakumwa zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga zomwe zimangotengedwa mwachangu ndi thupi komanso magazi. Zitsanzo zake ndi theka chikho cha msuzi wa zipatso kapena chakumwa choledzeretsa, zopulumutsa moyo zisanu (maswiti ang'onoang'ono), supuni ziwiri zoumba, kapu ya mkaka kapena mapiritsi atatu a shuga. Zakudya zamadzimadzi izi zimatha kuyambitsa mayankho ochepa a insulin. Pazovuta, mankhwala otchedwa glucagon amayenera kubayidwa pansi pa khungu ndi wachibale kapena bwenzi yemwe amadziwa kuchiza matenda a insulin ndipo munthuyo ayenera kuwonedwa ndi katswiri wazachipatala.
Chithandizo cha pampu ya insulini
Ngakhale anthu ambiri amapereka insulini kudzera muma jakisoni angapo patsiku, anthu ena amatha kugwiritsa ntchito pampu ya insulin. Pampu iyi imapereka insulini nthawi yayitali pokankha insulini kudzera chubu chofiyira pakhungu la munthuyo. Pampu ya insulini imatha kupangidwira kuti iperekere kuchuluka kwa insulini muyezo wosalekeza komanso kuperekanso mankhwala owonjezera nthawi zina, makamaka mukamadya. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amalimbikitsidwa kukambirana zaubwino ndi zoyipa za njira yotumizira insulin ndi adotolo.
Kuyeza kwa magazi m'magazi
Pali mayeso omwe amatchedwa Hemoglobin A1c Blood Test omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire momwe munthu akuyendetsera bwino magazi awo. Kuyesaku kumachitika muofesi ya dokotala ndikuwunika momwe shuga lanu lamagazi lidayang'aniridwa kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Zotsatira zake zikamawonetsa kuchepa kwa shuga m'magazi (kuchuluka kwa A1c), zikuwonetsa kuti mankhwala a insulin, zomwe amadya, komanso / kapena zochitika zolimbitsa thupi zasinthidwa kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi.
Kuika kwa pancreatic islet cell
Anthu ena omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amalephera kulandira mankhwala a insulini ndipo amatha kuyankha mankhwala a insulin. Anthuwa atha kukhala osankhidwa pazomwe akatswiri ena azachipatala amawona kuti ndi zoyeserera. Njirayi ndi kusamutsa maselo opangidwa ndi insulini athanzi kuchokera kwa woperekayo kupita kuziphuphu za wodwalayo yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba. Ngakhale njirayi ili ndi zabwino, pali zovuta, kuphatikiza mankhwala okhala ndi zovuta zoyipa zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popewa kukana kwa omwe akupereka, komanso mwayi woti ma cell omwe adaikidwawo azitha kugwira ntchito kwa zaka zochepa.
Lembani 1 shuga ndi kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu wa 1 amapindula ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi, koma ayenera kusamala kuti asatenge mwadzidzidzi m'magazi a shuga. Odwala matenda ashuga amayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa shuga m'magazi musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo angafunikire kumwa pang'ono musanachite masewera olimbitsa thupi. Angafunikire kusintha mlingo wawo wa insulini asanalowe nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi kuti atsimikizire kuti amakhala mumtsinje wamagazi. Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga amtundu wa 1 angafunikenso kuyesa mkodzo wawo ngati ali ndi ketoni. Ma ketoni amasonyeza kuti shuga wanu wamagazi ndi wochuluka kwambiri. Zochita zolimbitsa thupi ziyenera kupewedwa ngati ma ketoni amapezeka kapena ngati shuga lanu lamagazi ndilokwera kapena kutsika musanalowe kulimbitsa thupi.
Lembani 1 shuga ndi zakudya
Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba, monga ena onse, ayenera kudya chakudya choyenera. Izi zidzakuthandizani kupeza mankhwala a insulin ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda ashuga. Palibe chinthu chonga "chakudya cha ashuga". Ngakhale munthu yemwe ali ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba amatha kudya maswiti bola ngati ali gawo la chakudya choyenera. Izi sizitanthauza kuti amatha kudya china chake nthawi zonse, koma akuyenera kulingalira momwe maswiti angakwaniritsire pazakudya zabwino. Mtundu wa 1 wodwala matenda ashuga uyeneranso kukumbukira kuti chakudya chimakulitsa mshuga wamagazi mwachangu kuposa chakudya china chilichonse. Zakudya zomwe zili ndi mavitamini ochepa koma calcium, potaziyamu, fiber, magnesium, ndi mavitamini ena ndizothandiza kwa odwala matenda ashuga. Mukamakonzekera chakudya, kumbukirani malangizo awa:
- Idyani mafuta ochepa osapatsa thanzi
- Pezani fiber yokwanira
- Tsatirani zakumwa zamahydrate
- Tsatirani chakudya mu zakudya zopanda shuga
Mtundu 1 shuga ndi mimba
Amayi omwe ali ndi matenda a shuga amtundu woyamba ayenera kuuza adotolo ngati akufuna kukhala ndi pakati. Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya shuga m'magazi kumatha kubweretsa zovuta monga kubadwa. Kukonzekera msanga kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa shuga wamagazi kumachepetsa chiopsezo chotenga padera komanso kupunduka. Mukakhala ndi pakati, ndikofunikira kuyesa kuyezetsa magazi pafupipafupi ndikusunga mulingo wa A1c pansi pa 7%. Kuchepetsa shuga m'magazi kumatha kuchepetsa zovuta zina panthawi yapakati, monga kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena kuwonongeka kwa m'maso mwa mayi.
Preeclampsia ndimavuto omwe amakhudza 18-30% ya amayi apakati omwe ali ndi matenda ashuga. Preeclampsia imayamba pakatha sabata la 20 ndipo imadziwika ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi komanso mapuloteni mumkodzo. Ndikofunika kuchiza preeclampsia. Izi zikapanda kuchiritsidwa, izi zitha kuvulaza mwanayo ndikuyika mayiyo pachiwopsezo cha kupwetekedwa ndi kugwidwa. Mwana akangobadwa ndipo mayi akuyamwitsa, ndikofunikira kuti azimupima mayendedwe a glucose pafupipafupi.
Matenda a achinyamata
Ku United States, ana 13,000 amapezeka ndi matenda a shuga a mtundu woyamba chaka chilichonse. Kuzindikira matenda ashuga mwa ana ndimikhalidwe yosintha momwe imakhudzira banja lonse. Makolo ayenera kuthandiza ana kuwunika shuga wamagazi ndikukonzekera chakudya cham'banja choyenera kwa mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda ashuga komanso abale ena. Mlingo wa insulini uyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikuwunika shuga m'magazi ndi omwe amasamalira mwana.
Matenda a shuga aubwana ndi vuto la maola 24 lomwe limafunika kuganiziridwa mwana akapita kusukulu ndikuchita nawo zochitika zina zakunja. Makolo ndi ana awo ayenera kusamala kuti alandire chithandizo cha insulin ngakhale mwanayo ali pasukulu. Makonzedwe amenewa akuyenera kukonzedweratu pasadakhale boma lililonse kapena sukulu iliyonse yomwe ingatenge nawo gawo posamalira ana chimodzimodzi.
Type 1 chithandizo cha matenda ashuga: Pancreas yokumba
Ochita kafukufuku akuyesera kupanga kapamba. Chipangizochi chimaphatikizira pampu ya insulini komanso njira yowunikira shuga yoyendetsedwa ndi pulogalamu yamakompyuta. Cholinga cha dongosololi ndikutulutsa insulini poyankha shuga wambiri m'magazi ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa kwa insulin ikatsika shuga. Cholinga ndi chida chomwe chimatsanzira magwiridwe antchito a kapamba. Kuyeserera koyambirira kwa zida zoyesera kumawonetsa kuti zida izi zitha kupezeka mtsogolo.
Zowonjezera zokhudza matenda ashuga
Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza matenda a shuga, chonde onani izi:
- Bungwe la American Diabetes Association
- Matenda a Shuga Research Institute
- National Institute for Diabetes and Digestive and Impso Diseases