Zamkati
- Matenda akumakutu
- Khutu lakusambira (matenda am'makutu akunja)
- Zimayambitsa khutu la kusambira
- Zizindikiro za khutu la kusambira
- Chithandizo chamakutu osambira: madontho ndi njira zakunyumba
- Matenda a khutu
- Otitis
- Chubu la Eustachian
- Zizindikiro za otitis media
- Chithandizo cha otitis media
- Kutupa kwa khutu lamkati (labyrinthitis)
- Zizindikiro za matenda am'makutu amkati
- Kuchiza kwa matenda am'makutu amkati
- Eardrum yosweka
- Zizindikiro za khutu losweka
- Chithandizo cha eardrum yosweka
- Zizindikiro za matenda am'makutu
- Zizindikiro Zotengera Khutu: Makanda
- Matenda Akumakutu Amatengera Kunyumba
- Kuchiza matenda amkhutu: maantibayotiki
- Zovuta zamatenda am'makutu
- Chithandizo cha matenda am'makutu: machubu am'makutu
- Matenda otupa ndi matenda am'makutu
- Kodi Matenda Akukula Ndi Opatsirana?
- Kodi chifuwa chimayambitsa matenda am'makutu?
Matenda akumakutu
Nthawi zina zimawoneka ngati ana nthawi zonse amatenga matenda amkhutu. Matenda akumakutu amapezeka kwambiri mwa ana. Ana amatenga chimfine chawiri mwa zitatu. Ana amakonda kudwala khutu chifukwa khutu lawo laling'ono silimatulutsa madzi ambiri ngati achikulire. Chitetezo cha mthupi cha ana chimakhalanso chosakhwima, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti matenda ena azitheka.
Pali mitundu itatu yamatenda am'makutu. Mtundu uliwonse umatanthauzidwa molingana ndi komwe umachitikira mu ngalande ya khutu. Matenda a khutu amatha kumveka mkati, pakati, kapena khutu lakunja. Mtundu uliwonse wamatenda amkhutu umatha kukhala ndi zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana.
Khutu lakusambira (matenda am'makutu akunja)
Matenda a ngalande ya khutu (khutu lakunja) nthawi zina amatchedwa khutu losambira. Dzinalo limabwera chifukwa chakuti limapezeka kwambiri pamene ngalande ya khutu imatsalira yonyowa nthawi yayitali kuti mabakiteriya kapena zamoyo zina zikule.
Zimayambitsa khutu la kusambira
Khungu lomwe limalumikiza khutu la khutu ndi khutu lakunja limateteza kumatenda a bakiteriya ndi mafangasi. Komabe, ngati chotchinga khungu ichi chathyoledwa, mabakiteriya kapena bowa amatha kulowa khutu ndikupangitsa matenda. Matenda amtunduwu amadziwika kuti khutu losambira kapena matenda am'makutu akunja. Khutu la osambira limatha kuyambitsidwa ndi chinyezi chochulukirapo m'ngalande yamakutu kapena kuyika china chake chakuya kwambiri khutu.
Kusambira kapena kusamba kumasintha malo a acidic mozungulira ngalande ya khutu, yomwe imalola kuti mabakiteriya kapena bowa alowe khutu. Kulumikiza kwa ngalande ya khutu kumatha kuwonongedwa ndi zokopa kapena kuvulala kochokera ku swabs wa thonje kapena zinthu zina zikaikidwa khutu. Zina zomwe zimayambitsa kusambira khutu zimaphatikizapo mankhwala omwe amakhumudwitsa ngalande ya khutu ndi khungu lomwe limayambitsa ming'alu ya khungu.
Zizindikiro za khutu la kusambira
Khutu la osambira nthawi zambiri limapweteka. Kupweteka komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha khutu la kusambira kumayamba pang'onopang'ono kupitirira tsiku limodzi kapena awiri. Ululu umakhala waukulu makamaka khutu likakhudzidwa, kukokedwa, kapena kutafuna. Zizindikiro za khutu la kusambira ndizo:
- Khutu kapena khutu (nthawi zambiri limakhudza khutu limodzi lokha)
- Khungu ngalande kuyabwa
- Kufiira kwa khutu lakunja
- Mtsinje wamakutu kutupa
- Kutulutsa khutu madzimadzi kapena mafinya (ngalande ikhoza kukhala yoyera, yoyera, yachikasu, kapena nthawi zina yamagazi ndi yonunkha)
- Madzi amatsekemera potsegulira ngalande yamakutu
- Mavuto akumva
- Kulira m'makutu (tinnitus) ndi chizungulire kapena kutengeka (chizungulire)
- Kumva chidzalo khutu
- Kupweteka kumbali ya nkhope kapena khosi
- Kutupa ma lymph node
Chithandizo chamakutu osambira: madontho ndi njira zakunyumba
Kuchiza khutu la kusambira kumaphatikizapo kupeŵa kusambira, kuchepetsa kupweteka kwapadera, komanso maantibayotiki. Madokotala amatha kukupatsirani mankhwala kuti muchepetse matenda ndikuyeretsa khutu lomwe lakhudzidwa. Zithandizo zapakhomo zamakutu osambira zimaphatikizapo kutenthetsa khutu ndi pedi yotenthetsera ndi chowongolera ndi viniga woyera kuti abwezeretse pH yachilengedwe ya ngalande ya khutu ndikuchepetsa kutupa.
Matenda a khutu
Matenda a khutu amapezeka pofufuza mkati mwa khutu ndi chida chotchedwa otoscope. Eardrum yabwinobwino, yathanzi imakhala yotuwa mwamtundu, monga zikuwonetsedwa apa. Eardrum yathanzi imawonekera, pomwe eardrum yomwe ili ndi kachilomboka ndi yochuluka (yotupa) ndi kufiira. Dokotala amathanso kuchita tympanometry, yomwe imawunika momwe eardrum imakhudzira kusintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya khutu. Kuyezetsa kumva ndi njira yodziwika yodziwira matenda am'makutu, makamaka kwa ana omwe ali ndi madzi m'makutu onse awiri. Kuyezetsa magazi kumatha kuchitidwanso ngati pali zizindikiro za mavuto amthupi.
Otitis
Matenda apakatikati amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya ndi ma virus. Kutupa kuchokera kumatenda apamwamba kapena ziwengo kumatha kuletsa machubu a Eustachi, kulepheretsa mpweya kulowa pakhutu lapakati. Zingalowe ndi kuyamwa kenako jambulani madzi ndi majeremusi kuchokera m'mphuno ndi mmero kulowa pakatikati. Popeza machubu amatupa, madziwo satha. Izi zimapereka njira yoti mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi akule, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti otitis media.
The otoscope imatha kuwomba pang'ono kampweya pamphuno kuti iwone ngati ikugwedezeka bwinobwino. Pakakhala chamadzimadzi pakatikati, khutu silimanjenjemera bwinobwino.
Chubu la Eustachian
Phukusi la Eustachian ndi ngalande yomwe imalumikiza khutu lanu lapakati mpaka m'khosi. Ngati chubu cha Eustachian chimatsegulidwa mwachizolowezi, chimalepheretsa madzi ndi mpweya kuti usamakwere m'makutu. Matenda monga chimfine, chimfine, kapena zovuta zina zimatha kuyambitsa chubu la Eustachian kutupa ndi kutsekeka.
Zizindikiro za otitis media
Zizindikiro za otitis media zimawoneka patadutsa masiku awiri kapena 7 kudza chimfine kapena matenda ena opuma. Zizindikiro za otitis media zitha kuphatikiza:
- Kupweteka kwa khutu (pang'ono pang'ono)
- malungo
- Ngalande ya madzi kuchokera khutu lomwe ndi lakuda komanso lachikaso kapena lamagazi
- Kutaya njala, kusanza, ndi khalidwe lokhumudwa
- mavuto ogona
Chithandizo cha otitis media
Chithandizo cha otitis media nthawi zambiri chimayang'ana pakupereka ululu. Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu komanso malungo monga paracetamol ndi ibuprofen amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chinthu chimodzi choyenera kudziwa ndikuti simuyenera kupereka aspirin kwa ana. Dokotala amatha kupereka maantibayotiki pa otitis media, koma matenda am'makutu azikhala bwino popanda iwo. Kwa ana omwe ali ndi matenda am'makutu obwerezabwereza, adotolo amatha kupereka chithandizo chamankhwala cham'kamwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuyika machubu am'makutu kapena kuchotsa adenoids kapena matani kungathenso kukhala yankho kwa ana omwe amabwereza otitis media.
Kutupa kwa khutu lamkati (labyrinthitis)
Labyrinthitis ndikutupa kwa khutu lamkati. Labyrinthitis imachitika pamene labyrinth, gawo la khutu lamkati lomwe limathandizira kuwongolera bwino, limafufuma. Kutupa kwa maze kumatha kuyambitsidwa ndi matenda opuma, ma virus, ndi bakiteriya khutu.
Zizindikiro za matenda am'makutu amkati
Zizindikiro zamatenda amkati zimayamba mwachangu ndipo zimatha kukhala zolimba kwa masiku angapo. Zizindikiro za matenda am'makutu amkati ndi monga:
- chizungulire
- nseru
- Kutaya kumva
- Chizungulire (kumva chizungulire ndikusuntha)
- Tinnitus (kulira kapena kulira khutu)
- Zovuta kuyang'anitsitsa maso
Kuchiza kwa matenda am'makutu amkati
Chithandizo cha matenda am'makutu amkati nthawi zambiri chimaphatikizapo mankhwala othandizira kuti muchepetse zizindikilo, monga mankhwala ndi mankhwala osalembedwa a antihistamines, sedatives, ndi corticosteroids. Ngati matendawa akugwira ntchito, amatha kupatsidwa maantibayotiki. Zotsatirazi ndizosiyana pothana ndi chizungulire:
- Pewani kusintha msanga kwa malo kapena kusuntha kwadzidzidzi
- Khalani chete pakakhala chizungulire
- Imirirani pang'onopang'ono mukamagona kapena kukhala pansi
- Pewani zowala zowala kapena nyali zowala panthawi yazizungulire
- Gwiritsani ntchito kuwala kochepa kuposa mdima kapena kuwala
Eardrum yosweka
Ngati kupanikizika pakatikati kumakhala kochuluka kwambiri chifukwa chakumangirira kwamadzimadzi, eardrum imatha kung'amba, monga zikuwonetsedwa apa. Diso la khutu likaphulika, madzi ofiira, achikasu, kapena oyera amayenda kuchokera khutu. Nthawi zina khutu la khutu likaphulika, kupweteka kumachepetsa mwadzidzidzi pamene kupanikizika kumachepa.
Zizindikiro za khutu losweka
Kuphulika kwa khutu kungayambitse zizindikiro zambiri. Komabe, zizindikiro zofala kwambiri za khutu losweka ndikumva kovuta khutu ndikumveka kwa mpweya kutuluka khutu mukamawomba mphuno. Izi ndi zina mwazizindikiro zakumva kwa khutu:
- Kumva khutu lakuthwa mwadzidzidzi kapena kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kwa kupweteka kwa mutu
- Ngalande kuchokera khutu, lomwe limatha kukhala lamagazi, loyera, kapena lofanana ndi mafinya
- Kulira m'makutu kapena kulira
- Kutaya kwakumva, komwe kumatha kukhala koperewera kapena kokwanira mu khutu lomwe lakhudzidwa
- Matenda a khutu la Episodic
- Kufooka kwa nkhope kapena chizungulire
Chithandizo cha eardrum yosweka
Eardrum nthawi zambiri imachira popanda chithandizo chamankhwala pakangodutsa milungu ingapo, ndipo kumva kumangokhudza kokha ngati kumachitika pafupipafupi kwakanthawi. Maantibayotiki amatha kuperekedwa kuti muchepetse matenda amkhutu. Kutontholetsa kupweteka kwapadera kungathenso kutchulidwa ngati ngodya yosweka ya khutu ikupweteka. Eardrum ingafunike kuchitidwa opaleshoni kuti ikonzenso misozi. Ngati ndi choncho, adotolo amalumikiza chidutswa cha minofu yanu, nthawi zambiri kuchokera pamwamba khutu, pakhutu kuti mumangenso.
Zizindikiro za matenda am'makutu
Kumva khutu ndiye chizindikiro chachikulu cha matenda a khutu mwa ana. Ana omwe ali ndi matenda am'makutu amatha kuvutika kugona chifukwa cha ululu. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo kutuluka kapena madzimadzi kuchokera m'makutu, malungo, mavuto akumva, chizungulire, kapenanso kuchulukana kwammphuno. Zizindikiro za kusungidwa kwamadzimadzi zimaphatikizapo:
- Kupopera, kulira, kapena kumverera kokwanira kapena kukakamizidwa khutu
- Ana amatha kupaka makutu awo kuti athetse vutoli
- Mavuto akumva. Ana omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva amatha kuwoneka olota kapena osasamala, kapena okhumudwa kapena okhumudwa
- Kusamala kwamalingaliro ndi chizungulire
Zizindikiro Zotengera Khutu: Makanda
Matenda am'mutu samachitika nthawi zonse m'makanda ndi ana omwe ali aang'ono kwambiri kuti afotokoze zowawa zawo. Amatha kutanthauza khutu lakukoka kapena kukoka ndi khutu lawo. Mungakhale okwiya msanga, kapena osadya kapena kugona bwino. Ana nthawi zina amakana kumwa botolo chifukwa limapweteketsa makutu awo kumeza. Zizindikiro za matenda amkhutu mwa ana atha kukhala:
- malungo
- Ngalande khutu
- Mavuto akumva
- Kulakalaka kudya
- Dzudzulani
- kutsegula m'mimba
Matenda Akumakutu Amatengera Kunyumba
Pali zithandizo zina zapakhomo zomwe zingathandize khutu la mwana wanu. Madontho a khutu amatha kupereka mpumulo, koma sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanda kufunsa dokotala wa mwana wanu. Mankhwala ochepetsa ululu komanso malungo monga paracetamol ndi ibuprofen amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, simuyenera konse kupereka aspirin kwa ana. Zovala zofunda zoyikidwa panja pa khutu zitha kuthandizira kupumula. Kuvala ndi madzi amchere kumatha kuthandizira kuchepetsa kukhosi komanso mwina kuyeretsa machubu a Eustachian. Madontho ochepa a maolivi ofunda m'makutu atha kuthandizira kuthetsa ululu wamakutu. Komabe, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukalankhule ndi dokotala wa mwana wanu zisanachitike.
Kuchiza matenda amkhutu: maantibayotiki
Nthawi zina matenda am'makutu amatha popanda chithandizo chapadera. Matenda ena am'makutu amayamba chifukwa cha mavairasi, ndipo maantibayotiki amangogwira ntchito yolimbana ndi matenda a bakiteriya, osati matenda opatsirana. N'kutheka kuti dokotala wanu sakufuna kukupatsani mankhwala oyamba ndi maantibayotiki. Dokotala wanu adzasankha ngati angagwiritse ntchito maantibayotiki kapena liti.
Zovuta zamatenda am'makutu
Matenda obwerezabwereza m'makutu amatha kuyambitsa khungu m'makutu. Izi zitha kubweretsa mavuto akumva ndi chilankhulo pakapita nthawi. Dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti mwana wanu ayesedwe kumva ngati ali ndi matenda am'makutu.Kuphulika kwa eardrum kungakhalenso chifukwa cha matenda opitirira m'makutu. Ngati madzimadzi akupitilira kukulira pakatikati, khutu likhoza kuphulika. Matenda a suppurative otitis media, kutupa kwakatikati kwa khutu lapakati ndi matumba a mastoid amathanso kukula ndikutupa kosalekeza pakati khutu. Vutoli limatha kupangitsa kuti asamve, koma amathanso kuchiritsidwa ndi maantibayotiki.
Chithandizo cha matenda am'makutu: machubu am'makutu
Machubu a Tympanostomy ndi timachubu tating'ono tomwe nthawi zina timayikidwa mu eardrum ya ana omwe ali ndi matenda am'makutu pafupipafupi. Chithunzichi chikuwonetsa chubu lamakutu lomwe lili pamphuno. Timachubu timaloleza kuti pakhale mpweya wabwino komanso madzi amadzimadzi kuti madzi asamatuluke pakatikati. Izi zitha kuchepetsa mwayi wotenga kachilombo ndikuchepetsa ululu womwe kukakamizidwa kumabweretsa. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, ana nthawi zambiri amachira mkati mwa ola limodzi kapena awiri. Machubu amkhutu amatuluka okha patatha miyezi 6 mpaka 12, kapena dokotala amatha kuwachotsa opaleshoni.
Matenda otupa ndi matenda am'makutu
Matenda otupa nthawi zambiri samayambitsa matenda am'makutu. Minofu yowonjezera ya adenoid mu mlatho wa mphuno nthawi zina imatha kukanikiza ma machubu a Eustachi, kuwalepheretsa kutulutsa madzi kuchokera khutu. Komabe, ndizotheka kuti ndizomwe zimayambitsa mabakiteriya omwe amayambitsa matenda am'makutu, ndipo nthawi zina madokotala amalimbikitsa kuti achotsedwe mwa ana omwe ali ndi adenoids akulu kwambiri komanso matenda am'makutu pafupipafupi.
Kodi Matenda Akukula Ndi Opatsirana?
Matenda akumakutu siopatsirana. Komabe, ana ambiri amatenga matenda amkhutu atadwala chimfine kapena matenda ena a virus. Chifukwa matenda opatsirana ndi opatsirana, nkofunika kuti muchite zonse zomwe mungathe kuti mupewe matenda. Poletsa chimfine, mukutengapo gawo popewa matenda am'makutu. Kusamba m'manja ndi njira yabwino yopewera chimfine. Njira zina zodzitetezera kumatenga kupewa utsi wa fodya, katemera wa chimfine chaka chilichonse, komanso kuyamwitsa ana kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kuti chitetezo chamthupi chitetezeke.
Kodi chifuwa chimayambitsa matenda am'makutu?
Nthendayi imatha kuyambitsa kutupa ndikupangitsa kuti matenda am'makutu asokonezeke chifukwa cha chubu la Eustachian lolola mpweya kulowa pakhutu lapakati. Komabe, ziwengo sizomwe zimayambitsa matenda amkhutu mwa ana ochepera zaka ziwiri. Kuyesa kwa ziwengo kumatha kuzindikira zomwe zimayambitsa mwana wanu. Mankhwala kapena kuwomberana ndi ziwengo nthawi zambiri kumapereka mpumulo komanso kumachepetsa matenda opatsirana m'makutu.